The current techno-scientific revolution has transformed the concepts of person and human being. Techno-scientific developments raise questions about our very own humanity and bring again the Übermensch, about whom Nietzsche once spoke, for discussion. Technology has increased the desire to modify our human condition, aiming for the perfection of the physical, intellectual and psychological abilities. Different sciences and disciplines have had the necessity to adapt themselves to these techno-scientific transformations. Psychology has not been the exception and, because of that, a (...) new paradigm of approaching the human mind has been recently established. Concepts such as cybertherapy, virtual reality therapy to treat patients with phobias, and the use of Artificial Intelligence have revolutionized Psychology. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to establish whether the use of Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy actually contributes to the improvement of human beings by making possible progress within the field of Mental Health Care or, on the contrary, it poses a risk to humanity, which might face the possibility of replacing human therapists with intelligent machines. (shrink)

We affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond “one-at-a-time binary paradigms” through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the “bilingual advantage.” In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.

Background Biomedical and ethnographic studies among indigenous people are common practice in health and geographical research. Prior health research misconduct has been documented, particularly when obtaining genetic material. The objective of this study was to crossmatch previously published data with the perceptions of the Waorani peoples about the trading of their genetic material and other biological samples. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study design using a tailored 15-item questionnaire in 72 participants and in-depth interviews in 55 participants belonging to (...) 20 Waorani communities about their experiences and perceptions of participating in biomedical research projects. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to crossmatch the published results of studies stating the approval of an ethics committee and individual consent within their work. Results A total of 40 men and 32 women, with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years agreed to be interviewed for inclusion. Five main categories around the violation of good clinical practices were identified, concerning the obtention of blood samples from a recently contacted Waorani native community within the Amazonian region of Ecuador. These themes are related to the lack of adequate communication between community members and researchers as well as the voluntariness to participate in health research. Additionally, over 40 years, a total of 38 manuscripts related to the use of biological samples in Waorani indigenous people were published. The majority of the studies did not state within their article obtaining research ethics board approval, and 71% did not report obtaining the informed consent of the participants prior to the execution of the project. Conclusion Clinical Research on the Waorani community in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin has been performed on several occasions. Unfortunately, the majority of these projects did not follow the appropriate ethical and professional standards in either reporting the results or fulfilling them. The results of our investigation suggest that biological material, including genetic material, has been used by researchers globally, with some omitting the minimum information required to guarantee transparency and good clinical practices. We highlight the importance of stating ethics within research to avoid breaches in research transparency. (shrink)

Philosophy of logic is a fundamental part of philosophical study, and one which is increasingly recognized as being immensely important in relation to many issues in metaphysics, metametaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of language. This textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to topics including the objectivity of logical inference rules and its relevance in discussions of epistemological relativism, the revived interest in logical pluralism, the question of logic's metaphysical neutrality, and the demarcation between logic and mathematics. Chapters (...) in the book cover the state of the art in contemporary philosophy of logic, and allow students to understand the philosophical relevance of these debates without having to contend with complex technical arguments. This will be a major new resource for students working on logic, as well as for readers seeking a better understanding of philosophy of logic in its wider context. (shrink)

We present here some Boolean connexive logics (BCLs) that are intended to be connexive counterparts of selected Epstein’s content relationship logics (CRLs). The main motivation for analyzing such logics is to explain the notion of connexivity by means of the notion of content relationship. The article consists of two parts. In the first one, we focus on the syntactic analysis by means of axiomatic systems. The starting point for our syntactic considerations will be the smallest BCL and the smallest CRL. (...) In the first part, we also identify axioms of Epstein’s logics that, together with the connexive principles, lead to contradiction. Moreover, we present some principles that will be equivalent to the connexive theses, but not to the content connexive theses we will propose. In the second part, we focus on the semantic analysis provided by relating- and set-assignment models. We define sound and complete relating semantics for all tested systems. We also indicate alternative relating models for the smallest BCL, which are not alternative models of the connexive counterparts of the considered CRLs. We provide a set-assignment semantics for some BCLs, giving thus a natural formalization of the content relationship understood either as content sharing or as content inclusion. (shrink)

La investigación incorpora las experiencias de un grupo de personas artesanas de las provincias de Azuayy Cañar, en Ecuador. Tiene como objetivo reflexionar, desde un enfoque pedagógico centrado en la educaciónsocial y popular, sobre las prácticas profesionales de los colectivos artesanales y su relación con los procesosescolarizados de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El estudio aplica la metodología cualitativa con enfoque etnográfico.Los resultados no solo visibilizan que los espacios que ocupa el artesanado en el imaginario social están marcadospor bloqueos y restricciones en (...) el ejercicio profesional, también dan cuenta que los saberes que portan estáncondicionados por dimensiones étnicas y socioculturales, y que pese a contar con experiencias y conocimientosque no distan de los contenidos curriculares con los que se forma en el sistema educativo, son excluidos yconsiderados de menor valía. La investigación concluye que los métodos y procedimientos artesanales puedenser utilizados como elementos formativos potentes para fortalecer la identidad, la participación democrática,el diálogo de saberes, la justicia social y una verdadera educación intercultural. En consecuencia, la educaciónsocial y popular puede ayudar a promover la participación activa de artesanos y otros colectivos, y de esa maneracontribuir con la transformación y cambio de las estructuras desiguales desde una filosofía socioeducativa. (shrink)

In this paper, we evaluate Button’s claim that knot is a nasty connective. Knot’s nastiness is due to the fact that, when one extends the set \ with knot, the connective provides counterexamples to a number of classically valid operational rules in a sequent calculus proof system. We show that just as going non-transitive diminishes tonk’s nastiness, knot’s nastiness can also be reduced by dropping Reflexivity, a different structural rule. Since doing so restores all other rules in the system as (...) validity-preserving, we are inclined to conclude that there, knot is not that nasty. However, since motivating non-reflexivity is harder than motivating non-transitivity, we also acknowledge that disagreement with our conclusion is possible. (shrink)

Los cuidados paliativos perinatales surgieron como una medida esencial para abordar integralmente el tratamiento de pacientes neonatales con diagnósticos prenatales o perinatales de enfermedades graves que puedan poner en riesgo su vida. Estos cuidados están dirigidos a recién nacidos que padecen condiciones que les impiden sobrevivir más allá de unos pocos minutos u horas, o en casos en los que naces sin vida. Los mismos, no se centran solo en el paciente neonatal, sino también en apoyar a la madre y (...) a los familiares cercanos. El objetivo primordial es preservar la dignidad de los recién nacidos y proporcionarles el mayor confort posible durante su transición hacia el final de la vida. (shrink)

A feminist philosophical view of Tim Burton's version of the classic, Alice in Wonderland.

This study examined the effect of fake news on electoral outcome. Using post-election surveys, previous studies found associations between exposure to fake news and voting behavior, though these observational studies failed to show that these changes were actually caused by fake news. To examine whether fake news really affects voting behavior, we need to experimentally manipulate voters’ exposure to fake news in real elections and see if voters regret their vote choice knowing that the information was false. For this purpose, (...) our study focused on Mexico’s 2018 presidential election, which provided an ideal setting. During the campaign, false information about a scandal allegedly involving Ricardo Anaya, a candidate from the National Action Party, was widely disseminated. However, his innocence was officially acknowledged after the election. Using this correction of fake news as a treatment, we tested a sample of 1,561 individuals to assess whether the retraction of fake news caused post-election regret: would Mexican voters have voted differently if they had not been exposed to such false information. Our multivariate analyses found that the retraction of fake news did cause post-election regret among voters with lower internal political efficacy, but voters associated with higher political knowledge and internal political efficacy were not affected by the retraction and were less likely to experience regret. About 20% of the respondents experienced post-election regret, and of those, about 35% would have switched their vote to Anaya. The findings corroborate lasting effects of fake news, which may have non-negligible effects on electoral outcomes. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Hegel Psíquico I (del alma) León Rozitchner (2015). Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional. 128 pp.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos doctrinas que se mantienen entrelazadas en el periodo de producción de Hilary Putnam, que va del año 1976-1990, a saber, el realismo interno y el externalismo semántico, a la luz de dos presupuestos de los argumentos “tierra gemela” y “cerebros en una cubeta”: los enunciados autoadscriptivos y el uso del lenguaje. El propósito del presente trabajo es demostrar que en estos puzzles se evidencia la adopción satisfactoria de ambas posiciones en el programa (...) del referido filósofo, y que un análisis exhaustivo permite una ponderación más precisa del alcance y los planteamientos del autor. La conclusión a la que se arriba es que, si bien existe compatibilidad entre el externalismo semántico y el realismo interno, con distintos matices, en los argumentos mencionados, sin embargo, resulta ambiguo el estatus ontológico y epistémico del lenguaje representacional de quienes se encuentren en el estado hipotético presentados en ambos puzzles. (shrink)

En este artículo tratamos de hacer plausible la hipótesis de que las conectivas de diferentes lógicas no necesariamente difieren en significado. Utilizando el tratamiento categorista de las conectivas, argumentaremos contra la tesis quineana de que la diferencia de lógicas implica diferencia de significado entre sus conectivas, y ubicamos el cambio de tema en la diferencia de objetos más bien que en una tal diferencia de significado. Finalmente, intentamos mostrar que ese tratamiento categorista es una forma de minimalismo semántico, de acuerdo (...) con el cual no todos los elementos semánticos usuales son relevantes para determinar el significado de las conectivas. (shrink)

En este artículo discutimos la tesis de Jc Beall según la cual no hay negación lógica. Evaluamos la solidez del argumento con el que defiende su tesis y presentamos dos razones para rechazar una de sus premisas: que la negación tiene que ser excluyente o exhaustiva. La primera razón involucra una presentación alternativa de las reglas de la negación en sistemas de secuentes diferentes al que Beall presupone. La segunda razón establece que la negación no tiene que ser excluyente o (...) exhaustiva. (shrink)

This study considers the ranges of the power of self-determination in human action, attending to the « status quaestionis » of the matter as it is contained in statements of Cicero on the Stoic position, his own thoughts on this matter, and the reception and re-reading of the theme in Thomas Aquinas. We thus attend to the Ciceronian exposition in De natura deorum, De divinatione and De fato on the Stoic position regarding the need for causal connection. We also study (...) the criticism added by Cicero to its transmission, and the projections of the problematic in Aquinas’s quaestio De fato, in the Summa Theologiae, and in other parallel passages. (shrink)

The interpretation of quantum mechanics presented in this paper is inspired by two ideas that are fundamental in Bohr’s writings: indivisibility and complementarity. Further basic assumptions of the proposed interpretation are completeness, universality and conceptual economy. In the interpretation, decoherence plays a fundamental role for the understanding of measurement. A general and precise conception of complementarity is proposed. It is fundamental in this interpretation to make a distinction between ontological reality, constituted by everything that does not depend at all on (...) the collectivity of human beings, nor on their decisions or limitations, nor on their existence, and empirical reality constituted by everything that not being ontological is, however, intersubjective. According to the proposed interpretation, neither the dynamical properties, nor the constitutive properties of microsystems like mass, charge and spin, are ontological. The properties of macroscopic systems and space-time are also considered to belong to empirical reality. The acceptance of the above mentioned conclusion does not imply a total rejection of the notion of ontological reality. In the paper, utilizing the Aristotelian ideas of general cause and potentiality, a relation between ontological reality and empirical reality is proposed. Some glimpses of ontological reality, in the form of what can be said about it, are finally presented. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo será el de analizar el sustrato mítico presente en una novela nacida de este contexto, Siete lunas y siete serpientes (1970), del escritor ecuatoriano Demetrio Aguilera-Malta. La importancia que el mito adquiere dentro de esta novela es la que suscita el presente estudio. Los diferentes mitos y creencias populares insertados en la narrativa maltiana no responden a una mera sucesión cumulativa de los mismos sino que son parte fundamental en la significación de toda la obra (...) en su conjunto. Palabras clave: literatura contemporánea, Ecuador, Demeterio Aguilera-Malta, Siete lunas y siete serpientes, violencia, mitos. (shrink)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify factors motivating women to take part in endometriosis research and to determine if these factors differ for women participating in clinical versus basic science studies. METHODS: A consecutive series of 24 women volunteering for participation in endometriosis‐related research were asked to indicate, in their own words, why they chose to volunteer. In addition, the women were asked to rate, on a scale of 0 to 10, sixteen potentially motivating factors. The (...) information was gathered in the form of an anonymous self‐administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Strong motivating factors (mean score >8) included potential benefit to other women's health, improvement to one's own condition, and participation in scientific advancement. Weak motivating factors (mean score <3) included financial compensation, making one's doctor happy, and use of ‘natural’ products. No difference was detected between clinical and basic science study participants. CONCLUSION: This study is the first study to specifically investigate the factors that motivate women to take part in endometriosis research. Understanding why women choose to take part in such research is important to the integrity of the informed consent process. The factors most strongly motivating women to participate in endometriosis research related to improving personal or public health; the weakest, to financial compensation and pleasing the doctor. (shrink)

En el presente artículo proponemos una reflexión sobre el concepto y los usos de la interculturalidad en América Latina. Pensamos que debemos seguir apostando por la posibilidad de construcciones discursivas alternativas, críticas y estéticas observables y vivenciales en el derecho a la educación, respetando y aprendiendo de las diferencias. Partimos de una epistemología «otra» que pone en discusión el conocimiento «universal», en la medida que buscamos posicionar conocimientos «otros». Asimismo, cuestionamos lo establecido por la institucionalidad de los discursos oficiales y (...) apelamos a iniciativas emergentes enfocadas en la construcción y consolidación de nuevas subjetividades. En el marco de una relacionalidad vivencial simbólica buscamos dar cuenta de la unidad en la diversidad, la dualidad complementaria y la reciprocidad, lo que implica que sigamos apuntándola a un intercambio dinámico y fluido de saberes, y a la construcción colectiva del conocimiento como responsabilidad social compartida, no sólo en el discurso, sino en actos coherentes de una diversidad de actores sociales que aprecian sus diferencias, pero no son ajenos a la situación de los otros y a la inequidad social. In this paper we intend to reflect on the concept and practices of multiculturalism in Latin America. We think we should keep committing ourselves to the possible creation of alternative, critical, aesthetic, experiential and perceptible discourses on the right to be educated, respecting and learning from differences. We start from an «other» epistemology that raises questions about the «universal» knowledge as we seek to locate «other» knowledges. Furthermore, we question what is established by the institutionalization of official speeches, and we appeal to emerging initiatives focused on the construction and consolidation of new subjectivities. As part of a symbolic experiential relatedness we aim to account for unity in diversity, complementary duality and reciprocity, which means that we continue pointing out to a dynamic and fluid knowledge exchange, and to the collective construction of knowledge as a shared social responsibility not only in speech, but also in consistent acts of a variety of social actors who appreciate their differences, not unaware of the situation of other people and of social inequality. (shrink)

After the intense attention the relevance logic community and its friends gave to McCall’s ideas on connexive implication during the late 1960s and nearly.

En este artículo se busca identificar algunas líneas de confluencia entre la propuesta pedagógica de la Coordinadora Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (CNTE) y el proyecto educativo oficial. Se trata de dos iniciativas: “Bases para una propuesta de educación alternativa” y los planteamientos generales sobre la Nueva Escuela Mexicana expuestos en el documento “Plan de Estudio para la educación básica” surgido en el sexenio 2018-2024.

This article looks at the cosmopolitan potential of post-national citizenship working at the state level. The article stresses the idea of post-national citizenship as capable of translating cosmopolitan language into one that can be developed within the state-society relationship. To this end, four questions designed to clarify this relationship are raised.

The present study examines the Platonic, Stoic and Ciceronian antecedents in the expositions of William of Auxerre and Philip the Chancellor in their respective Summae, both of which make “ius naturale” to be the guiding principle of the practical-moral life, and which thus provides ontological and anthropological foundations. In addition, the author also investigates the meanings of the term “natura” in the Roman legal tradition, as it persisted at the beginnings of the 13th century; finally, she also considers its philosophical (...) basis. (shrink)

El presente estudio se propone examinar, por una parte, la elaboración del maestro Felipe, Canciller de París sobre principios del siglo XIII, acerca de la naturaleza del ser como bien, en el contexto de un desarrollo de metodología filosófica. En este sentido, presenta la postura del Canciller sobre el valor de las razones filosóficas en la inteligencia de la fe. Por otra parte, tiene por objeto desarrollar la concepción cósmico-antropológica del Canciller, subrayando las aportaciones de tradición platónica, aristotélica y helenística.

Al finalizar el siglo XX resulta inevitable hacer un recorrido, establecer un balance y ofrecer algunas conclusiones, que sirvan de referencia para abordar los retos del siglo XXI. El pensamiento filosófico moderno ha cambiado en el siglo XX respecto al decimonónico, aunque muchas de sus líneas y corrientes principales están en continuidad con las tradiciones anteriores. En este artículo vamos a centrarnos en tres cambios fundamentales que se han dado en el pasado siglo, mostrando la novedad y la discontinuidad de (...) la tradición filosófica, para, a partir de ahí, plantear algunos retos actuales XX. Asumimos como referencia fundamental la tradición filosófica alemana, sin duda ninguna la más influyente en el continente, y también a la anglosajona, que recoge buena parte de las tradiciones que han surgido fuera de Europa. En el siglo XX ha habido otras corrientes importantes, sobre todo la francesa, con aportaciones menores pero también significativas de otras áreas de pensamiento como Italia, Europa del Este y en menor medida España y América Latina. Sin embargo, la tradición alemana y la anglosajona han sido las más determinantes y las que han tenido una continuidad mayor, así como siguen siendo las más vivas e influyentes al comenzar el siglo XXI. (shrink)

Si la utopía consiste en la afirmación del deber ser respecto del ser, en la apertura a valores e ideales que permitan transformar la realidad, los derechos humanos son la expresión concreta de la utopía en el siglo XX. El autor estudia el problema de la fundamentación, reconocimiento y explicitación de los derechos humanos desde el apriori fundamental de la dignidad humana, que es el presupuesto irreversible implícito a cualquier afirmación de los derechos humanos. A partir de ahí, analiza el (...) contenido utópico de esos derechos, el contexto histórico en el que han surgido los de primera y segunda generación, y los problemas actualmente pendientes a la hora de universalizarlos y aplicarlos a las diversas culturas. De esta forma, la doble dinámica de la dignidad y derechos humanos se presenta como el núcleo mismo del pensamiento utópico a finales del siglo XX. (shrink)

El sistema agro-industrial-alimentario de Argentina, en el actual contexto de globalización económica, está signado desde algunas décadas ya, por el despliegue de un patrón de acumulación capitalista denominado como agronegocios . Se trata de un proceso, de transformación multidimensional y multiescalar, que presenta rupturas y continuidades con la expansión del anterior modelo de la agroindustria orientado al mercado interno a partir de regulaciones estatales. Según nuestras investigaciones desde la Comunidad de Estudios Campesinos (CEC) pudimos identificar cinco dispositivos según los cuales (...) el agronegocio se territorializa: económico-financiero, jurídico-normativo y de políticas públicas, legitimación ideológica, formación y desarrollo tecnológico, coercitivo (CEC, 2009). Nos interesa abonar a la caracterización del despliegue del último de los dispositivos del agronegocio: el de la violencia. En esta oportunidad presentamos un análisis del conjunto de los asesinatos o muertes de campesinos e indígenas en conflictos de tierra en Argentina, desde la desregulación económica hasta la actualidad. En este sentido nos proponemos indagar el significado de la violencia sobre los cuerpos de campesinos/as e indígenas que registramos desde 1991. Nuestra hipótesis se orienta a explicar la vinculación entre la violencia rural y la desterritorialización de la emergente intencionalidad campesina. (shrink)

Esta apresentação deriva do projeto de pesquisa “A dimensão Iconológica segundo Aby Warburg: uma proposta de descrição contextual de fotografias (2020 – 2022)” e tem como principal objetivo traçar caminhos para responder a uma questão que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de formas descritivas contextuais: É possível uma distinção entre os conceitos de ilustrar e informar em fotografias? A proposta do artigo é apresentar caminhos para definições desses importantes conceitos para a descrição de fotografias. Baseia-se na leitura de teóricos como (...) Vilém Flusser e André Rouillé. (shrink)

La acción de grupo presentada por causa del derrumbe del Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana, finalizó con un fallo del Consejo de Estado, en el que se aplicaron estándares de reparación integral en el año 2012, que ameritan un seguimiento y análisis. En esta investigación, se indagó si las medidas de justicia restaurativas aplicadas al relleno sanitario han sido efectivas para la población afectada; por lo cual se construyó una matriz descriptiva que da cuenta del estado de la garantía de derechos, (...) con los siguientes hallazgos: en cuanto a los perjuicios tasados no se pagó de manera oportuna la sentencia judicial, lo que se vinculó a una percepción de confusión por parte de los afectados, y continúan las vulneraciones a la intimidad familiar, a la recreación y utilización del tiempo libre, al medio ambiente sano y a la salud pública y, de manera indirecta, a los derechos civiles y políticos. (shrink)

Five major stances on the problems of the possibility and fruitfulness of a debate on the principle of non-contradiction (PNC) are described: Detractors, fierce supporters, demonstrators, methodologists and calm supporters. We show what calm supporters have to say on the other parties wondering about the possibility and fruitfulness of a debate on PNC. The main claim is that one can find all the elements of calm supporters already in Aristotle’s works. In addition, we argue that the Aristotelian refutative strategy, originally (...) used for dealing with detractors of PNC in Metaphysics, has wider implications for the possibility and fruitfulness of an up-to-date debate on PNC, at least in exhibiting some serious difficulties for the other parties. (shrink)

Despite recent efforts, little research has been done concerning the issue of medical ethics in Georges Canguilhem’s work. This is mainly due to the critical position the author takes regarding the humanistic medicine practices that began to proliferate after World War II. However, we hold that the medical philosopher´s insights do contribute to the field of medical ethics, since they rescue the patients’ individuality, which is highly valued in today´s person centered medicine: over the “objectifying” rationality of modern medicine. We (...) also propose that Canguilhem poses an “interactive” understanding of human life that goes beyond a reductionistic vision of life and which allows the development of an ethical subject capable of producing new norms. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende resaltar la lectura que Michel Foucault realiza de lamedicina grecolatina en el mundo antiguo. Más que caracterizarse por susrasgos terapéuticos, tal discurso médico buscaba la producción de una éticade la existencia. A partir de diferentes textos prescriptivos desarrolladospor filósofos, moralistas y médicos, se muestra la importancia que losantiguos otorgaban a la salud como elemento esencial dentro del ejerciciode la libertad. El uso general del cuerpo, involucrando la alimentación,así como la práctica de los placeres sexuales, se convertía en (...) un objetode inquietud permanente para quien deseara “estilizar su ser”. Destacarestas características de la medicina antigua occidental permite delinearuna genealogía de los valores morales actuales vinculados al autocuidado,práctica importante para los dispositivos de seguridad de las racionalidadespolíticas contemporáneas. (shrink)